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Bladder wrack is named for its conspicuous vesicles. Fucus vesiculosus, known by the common names bladderwrack, black tang, rockweed, sea grapes, bladder fucus, sea oak, cut weed, dyers fucus, red fucus and rock wrack, is a seaweed found on the coasts of the North Sea, the western Baltic Sea and the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
The tips of mature individuals swell up and provide flotation for the plant as well as reproductive chambers for developing sperm and eggs. During low tide, the swollen tips dry up squeezing out sperm and eggs which unite into a zygote during the next flood tide and settle onto a substratum.
Additionally, exploitation of kelp resources for potash production left little kelp behind for local fertilizer and coastal land became more desirable than inland regions. [ 18 ] [ 21 ] The Scottish seaweed industry went through multiple boom and bust cycles, employing 10,000 families and producing 3,000 tonnes of ash per year during its peak.
Historically wrack was used for making manure, and for making "kelp", [2] a form of potash. [3] The word's origin is possibly from M Dutch 'wrak', from its root - to push, to shove, to drive. [citation needed] In the case of seaweed, its sense is in a possible derivation of the word wreck - cast up on shore. [citation needed]
Species of Fucus are recorded almost worldwide. They are dominant on the shores of the British Isles, [5] the northeastern coast of North America [6] and California. [3]In the British Isles these larger brown algae occur on sheltered shores in fairly well defined zones along the shore from high-water mark to below low water mark.
Ascophyllum nodosum, a seaweed also known as knotted wrack or Norwegian kelp; Fucus gardneri, a similar seaweed also known as bladderwrack; Fucus vesiculosus, a similar seaweed also known as bladderwrack; Pilea microphylla, a vascular plant native to Florida; Silvetia, a common brown seaweed of Pacific Ocean rocky seashores