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Memory architecture also explains how binary digits are converted into electric signals and then stored in the memory cells. And also the structure of a memory cell. For example, dynamic memory is commonly used for primary data storage due to its fast access speed.
The memory cells are laid out in rectangular arrays on the surface of the chip. The 1-bit memory cells are grouped in small units called words which are accessed together as a single memory address. Memory is manufactured in word length that is usually a power of two, typically N=1, 2, 4 or 8 bits.
Transistor models are used for almost all modern electronic design work. Analog circuit simulators such as SPICE use models to predict the behavior of a design. Most design work is related to integrated circuit designs which have a very large tooling cost, primarily for the photomasks used to create the devices, and there is a large economic incentive to get the design working without any ...
DRAM chips during the early 1970s had three-transistor cells, before single-transistor cells became standard since the mid-1970s. [17] [15] CMOS memory was commercialized by RCA, which launched a 288-bit CMOS SRAM memory chip in 1968. [23] CMOS memory was initially slower than NMOS memory, which was more widely used by computers in the 1970s. [24]
In 1969 William Regitz and his colleagues at Honeywell invented a three-transistor dynamic memory cell and began to canvass the semiconductor industry for a producer. The recently founded Intel Corporation responded and developed two very similar 1024-bit chips, the 1102 and 1103, under the lead of Joel Karp, working closely with William Regitz. [8]
On the x86-64 platform, a total of seven memory models exist, [7] as the majority of symbol references are only 32 bits wide, and if the addresses are known at link time (as opposed to position-independent code). This does not affect the pointers used, which are always flat 64-bit pointers, but only how values that have to be accessed via ...
An interconnect processing unit (IPU) [13] is an on-chip communication network with hardware and software components which jointly implement key functions of different system-on-chip programming models through a set of communication and synchronization primitives and provide low-level platform services to enable advanced features [which?] in ...
This led to his development of a single-transistor DRAM memory cell. [18] In 1967, Dennard filed a patent under IBM for a single-transistor DRAM memory cell, based on MOS technology. [23] The first commercial DRAM IC chip was the Intel 1103, which was manufactured on an 8 μm MOS process with a capacity of 1 kbit, and was released in 1970. [10 ...