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Excel maintains 15 figures in its numbers, but they are not always accurate; mathematically, the bottom line should be the same as the top line, in 'fp-math' the step '1 + 1/9000' leads to a rounding up as the first bit of the 14 bit tail '10111000110010' of the mantissa falling off the table when adding 1 is a '1', this up-rounding is not undone when subtracting the 1 again, since there is no ...
Besides differences in the schema, there are several other differences between the earlier Office XML schema formats and Office Open XML. Whereas the data in Office Open XML documents is stored in multiple parts and compressed in a ZIP file conforming to the Open Packaging Conventions, Microsoft Office XML formats are stored as plain single monolithic XML files (making them quite large ...
In affine arithmetic, each input or computed quantity x is represented by a formula = + + + + where ,,, …, are known floating-point numbers, and ,, …, are symbolic variables whose values are only known to lie in the range [-1,+1]. Thus, for example, a quantity X which is known to lie in the range [3,7] can be represented by the affine form ...
Power Query is built on what was then [when?] a new query language called M.It is a mashup language (hence the letter M) designed to create queries that mix together data. It is similar to the F Sharp programming language, and according to Microsoft it is a "mostly pure, higher-order, dynamically typed, partially lazy, functional language."
In the IEEE standard the base is binary, i.e. =, and normalization is used.The IEEE standard stores the sign, exponent, and significand in separate fields of a floating point word, each of which has a fixed width (number of bits).
Any non-linear differentiable function, (,), of two variables, and , can be expanded as + +. If we take the variance on both sides and use the formula [11] for the variance of a linear combination of variables (+) = + + (,), then we obtain | | + | | +, where is the standard deviation of the function , is the standard deviation of , is the standard deviation of and = is the ...
This system detects all single-digit errors and around 90% [citation needed] of transposition errors. 1, 3, 7, and 9 are used because they are coprime with 10, so changing any digit changes the check digit; using a coefficient that is divisible by 2 or 5 would lose information (because 5×0 = 5×2 = 5×4 = 5×6 = 5×8 = 0 modulo 10) and thus ...
β is a p × 1 column vector of unobservable parameters (the response coefficients of the dependent variable to each of the p independent variables in x i) to be estimated; z i is a scalar and is the value of another independent variable that is observed at time i or for the i th study participant;