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Choline is used to synthesize acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in muscle control and numerous functions of the nervous system. [2] [3] Choline is involved in early development of the brain, gene expression, cell membrane signaling, and brain metabolism. [3]
1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidylcholines (PC) are a class of phospholipids that incorporate choline as a headgroup.They are a major component of biological membranes and can easily be obtained from a variety of readily available sources, such as egg yolk or soybeans, from which they are mechanically or chemically extracted using hexane.
These LPC analogues are metabolically stable, and several ALPs such as edelfosine, miltefosine and perifosine are under research and development as drugs against cancer and other diseases. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Lysophosphatidylcholine processing has been discovered to be an essential component of normal human brain development: those born with genes that ...
CDP-choline + 1,2-diacylglycerol ⇌ phosphatidylcholine + CMP; The last step in the CDP-choline pathway is catalyzed by either CPT or CEPT and are localized to the Golgi or endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. CPT and CEPT are encoded by separate genes that share 60% sequence similarity. Both isoforms contain 7 transmembrane segments, and an ...
Abnormalities in brain structure and function are often associated with deficits that may persist for years after the stress is removed, and may be a risk factor for future psychopathology. [58] The brain regions most sensitive to early life stress are those undergoing developmental changes during the stress exposure.
It is hypothesized in [66] that the growing structure copies the axonal development of the human brain: the earliest developing connections (axonal fibers) are common at most of the subjects, and the subsequently developing connections have larger and larger variance, because their variances are accumulated in the process of axonal development.
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