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Donald Schön's 1983 book The Reflective Practitioner introduced concepts such as reflection-on-action and reflection-in-action which explain how professionals meet the challenges of their work with a kind of improvisation that is improved through practice. [1] However, the concepts underlying reflective practice are much older.
The course of his career would cover three areas in this field: 1) the learning society; 2) professional learning and effectiveness; and, 3) the reflective practitioner. [18] Together with Chris Argyris , Schön provided the foundation to much of the management thinking on descriptive and interventionist dimensions to learning research. [ 19 ]
Applying these lenses to our practice can help us become more rounded, critically reflective practitioners. In Recent years Brookfield has focused much of his scholarship on issues relating to white supremacy and how this intersects with adult education and critical reflection.
Reflective learning is a development of the concept of experiential learning as propounded by John Dewey, who wrote Experience and Education in 1938. Later theorists include David Kolb, David Boud ("reflection in learning"), [3] and Donald Schön.
John Burville Biggs AM (born 25 October 1934) is an Australian educational psychologist and novelist who developed the SOLO taxonomy for assessing the quality of learning outcomes, and the model of constructive alignment for designing teaching and assessment.
SOTL necessarily builds on many past traditions in higher education, including classroom and program assessment, action research, [3] [4] [5] the reflective practice movement, peer review of teaching, traditional educational research, and faculty development efforts to enhance teaching and learning.
Schon was a proponent of using reflection in teacher education and other professions to guide learning through reflection on past experiences to guide future learning and practice, as evidenced in his 1996 work, Educating the reflective practitioner: Toward a new design for teaching and learning in the professions. [4]
The term 'teacher training' (which may give the impression that the activity involves training staff to undertake relatively routine tasks) seems to be losing ground, at least in the U.S., to 'teacher education' (with its connotation of preparing staff for a professional role as a reflective practitioner).