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  2. Fault (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault_(geology)

    All faults have a measurable thickness, made up of deformed rock characteristic of the level in the crust where the faulting happened, of the rock types affected by the fault and of the presence and nature of any mineralising fluids. Fault rocks are classified by their textures and the implied mechanism of deformation.

  3. Anderson's theory of faulting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anderson's_Theory_of_Faulting

    Types of faulting. Anderson's theory of faulting, devised by Ernest Masson Anderson in 1905, is a way of classifying geological faults by use of principal stress. [1] [2] A fault is a fracture in the surface of the Earth that occurs when rocks break under extreme stress. [3] Movement of rock along the fracture occurs in faults.

  4. Detachment fault - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detachment_fault

    View of Doso Doyabi, Snake Range, Nevada, which was formed by detachment faulting. A detachment fault is a gently dipping normal fault associated with large-scale extensional tectonics . [ 1 ] Detachment faults often have very large displacements (tens of km) and juxtapose unmetamorphosed hanging walls against medium to high-grade metamorphic ...

  5. Mountain formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_formation

    Thrust and reverse fault movement are an important component of mountain formation. Illustration of mountains that developed on a fold that thrusted.. Mountain formation occurs due to a variety of geological processes associated with large-scale movements of the Earth's crust (tectonic plates). [1]

  6. Diastrophism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastrophism

    Diastrophism is the process of deformation of the Earth's crust which involves folding and faulting. Diastrophism can be considered part of geotectonics . The word is derived from the Greek διαστροϕή diastrophḗ 'distortion, dislocation'.

  7. Tilted block faulting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilted_block_faulting

    Tilted block faulting, also called rotational block faulting, is a mode of structural evolution in extensional tectonic events, a result of tectonic plates stretching apart. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When the upper lithospheric crust experiences extensional pressures, the brittle crust fractures, creating detachment faults . [ 3 ]

  8. Tectonic subsidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_subsidence

    Tectonic subsidence is the sinking of the Earth's crust on a large scale, relative to crustal-scale features or the geoid. [1] The movement of crustal plates and accommodation spaces produced by faulting [2] brought about subsidence on a large scale in a variety of environments, including passive margins, aulacogens, fore-arc basins, foreland basins, intercontinental basins and pull-apart basins.

  9. Detachment fold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detachment_fold

    Topographic map showing detachment folds in the eastern Sichuan Basin, China.. A detachment fold, in geology, occurs as layer parallel thrusting along a decollement (or detachment) develops without upward propagation of a fault; the accommodation of the strain produced by continued displacement along the underlying thrust results in the folding of the overlying rock units.