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Twig snakes are among the few rear-fanged colubrids whose bite is highly venomous and potentially fatal. [4] The venom is hemotoxic, and although its effects are very slow, and bites are rare, no antivenom has been developed and several fatalities (such as Robert Mertens) have occurred.
The Anomalepididae are a family of nonvenomous snakes, native to Central and South America. They are similar to Typhlopidae, except that some species possess a single tooth in the lower jaw. Currently, four genera and 15 species are recognized. [2] Common names include primitive blind snake [2] and dawn blind snake.
This is a list of extant snakes, given by their common names. Note that the snakes are grouped by name, and in some cases the grouping may have no scientific basis.
Although sea snakes are known for extremely potent venom, about 80% of reported bites end up being dry. [65] [67] It is estimated that each year 15,000 to 75,000 fisherman are bitten by sea snakes. [68] The advent of antivenom and advances in emergency medicine have reduced fatalities to about 3% of snakebite cases. [65]
Snake antivenom is a medication made up of antibodies used to treat snake bites by venomous snakes. [1] It is a type of antivenom . It is a biological product that typically consists of venom neutralizing antibodies derived from a host animal, such as a horse or sheep.
The long thin head has a distinct canthus above the medium-sized eyes, which have round pupils and yellowish brown irises. [14] When threatened or otherwise aroused, the western green mamba is capable of flattening its neck area into a slight hood. [15] The snake is bright green fading to yellow or orange towards the tail.
A mamba-specific antivenom was introduced in 1962, followed by a fully polyvalent antivenom in 1971; over this period, 5 out of 38 people in South Africa bitten by black mambas who received the antivenom died, according to the same report. [17] Since then, the number has significantly dropped with the widespread use of specific antivenom. [18] [17]
[7] [8] Many snake experts have cited the black mamba and the coastal taipan as the world's most dangerous, albeit not the most venomous snakes. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Both species are elapids , and in several aspects of morphology, ecology and behavior, the coastal taipan is strongly convergent with the black mamba.