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A psychoactive drug, mind-altering drug, or consciousness-altering drug is a chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior. [1] The term psychotropic drug is often used interchangeably, while some sources present narrower definitions.
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is a non-psychotic disorder in which a person experiences apparent lasting or persistent visual hallucinations or perceptual distortions after using drugs, [1] including but not limited to psychedelics, dissociatives, entactogens, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and SSRIs.
LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin cause their effects by initially disrupting the interaction of nerve cells and the neurotransmitter serotonin. [67] It is distributed throughout the brain and spinal cord, where the serotonin system is involved with controlling of the behavioral, perceptual, and regulatory systems.
E-cigarette calls had a greater chance to report an adverse effect and a greater chance to report a moderate or major adverse effect than traditional cigarette calls. [125] [clarification needed] Severe outcomes were more than 2.5 times more frequent in children exposed to e-cigarettes and nicotine e-liquid than with traditional cigarettes. [132]
Psychedelic effects can be long lasting. What many people don’t understand about psychedelics, Woolley said, is the impact can last for days, weeks or longer after the substance is no longer ...
[90] Adverse effects to the health of children is mostly not known. [103] Children subjected to e-cigarettes had a higher likelihood of having more than one adverse effect and effects were more significant, than with children subjected to traditional cigarettes. [103] Significant harmful effects were cyanosis, nausea, and coma, among others. [103]
LSD, a classical psychedelic, is deemed physiologically safe at standard dosages (50–200 μg) and its primary risks lie in psychological effects rather than physiological harm. [ 23 ] [ 57 ] A 2010 study by David Nutt ranked LSD as significantly less harmful than alcohol , placing it near the bottom of a list assessing the harm of 20 drugs.
Drugs are researched for their physiochemical properties, physical side effects, and psychological side effects. Researchers in psychopharmacology study a variety of different psychoactive substances, including alcohol, cannabinoids, club drugs , psychedelics, opiates, nicotine , caffeine , psychomotor stimulants , inhalants , and anabolic ...