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A port-wine stain (nevus flammeus) is a discoloration of the human skin caused by a vascular anomaly (a capillary malformation in the skin). [1] They are so named for their coloration, which is similar in color to port wine, a fortified red wine from Portugal. A port-wine stain is a capillary malformation, seen at birth. [2]
Sturge–Weber syndrome, sometimes referred to as encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, is a rare congenital neurological and skin disorder. It is one of the phakomatoses and is often associated with port-wine stains of the face, glaucoma, seizures, intellectual disability, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma (cerebral malformations and tumors).
Some babies with port wine stain birthmarks above their eyes, on forehead have rare disease called Sturge Weber syndrome, which can cause seizures. A new treatment is changing that.
Vascular birthmarks, also called red birthmarks, are caused by increased blood vessels and include macular stains (salmon patches), hemangiomas, and port-wine stains. A little over 1 in 10 babies have a vascular birthmark present by age 1. [2]
A port-wine stain is visible under the nose. On the right side of a cheek, capillary malformations are present. Macrocephaly-capillary malformation ( M-CM ) is a multiple malformation syndrome causing abnormal body and head overgrowth and cutaneous , vascular , neurologic , and limb abnormalities.
The birthmarks, which are pinkish and irregularly shaped, occur most frequently on the nape of the neck; however, they are also common on the forehead, eyelids and upper lip. [2] A baby may be born with a stork bite, or the birthmark may appear in the first months of life. They may also be found occasionally on other parts of the body.
Capillary malformation (also known as port-wine stains): Capillary malformations are flat, reddish lesions that typically affect the skin, mostly around the head and the neck, and which darken with age, in contrast to birthmarks such as salmon patch, Nevus simplex or vascular stain, which lighten or disappear within the first few years of life.
Alster came across the 1989 paper Treatment of Children with Port-Wine Stains Using the Flashlamp-Pulsed Tunable Dye Laser, [4] by Oon Tian Tan, MD, which described the use of a vascular laser to successfully treat port-wine stain birthmarks. The article motivated Alster to pursue a specialized fellowship under Tan.