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The United States District Court for the District of Pennsylvania was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, 1 Stat. 73, on September 24, 1789. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It was subdivided on April 20, 1818, by 3 Stat. 462 , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] into the Eastern and Western Districts to be headquartered in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh ...
The United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania (in case citations, M.D. Pa.) is a district level federal court with jurisdiction over approximately one half of Pennsylvania. The court was created in 1901 by subdividing the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and the United States ...
The Jury Act scrapped the "key man" system of "blue ribbon juries", in which jury commissioners typically solicited the names of "men of recognized intelligence and probity" from notables or "key men" of the community. A 1967 survey of federal courts showed that 60 percent still relied primarily on this so-called key man system for the names of ...
The Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania is one of two Pennsylvania intermediate appellate courts. The jurisdiction of the nine-judge Commonwealth Court is limited to appeals from final orders of certain state agencies and certain designated cases from the courts of common pleas involving public sector legal questions and government regulation.
[3] [4] Frontspiece of published opinions of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ca. 1831. The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania maintains a discretionary docket, meaning that the Court may choose which cases it accepts, with the exception of mandatory death penalty appeals, and certain appeals from the original jurisdiction of the Commonwealth Court. [5]
A Michigan Law Review article, published in 1978, asserted that young people, during that period, were under-represented on the nation's jury rolls. [11] A 2012 study from Duke University published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics investigated the effect of jury selection and racial composition on trial outcomes. The study found that black ...
The courts are established by Article V, Section 5 of the Pennsylvania Constitution: There shall be one court of common pleas for each judicial district (a) having such divisions and consisting of such number of judges as shall be provided by law, one of whom shall be the president judge; and (b) having unlimited original jurisdiction in all ...
Jury instructions, also known as charges or directions, are a set of legal guidelines given by a judge to a jury in a court of law. They are an important procedural step in a trial by jury , and as such are a cornerstone of criminal process in many common law countries .