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In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, a.k.a. phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4. The phosphate or orthophosphate ion [PO 4] 3− is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons H +.
The hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas is streamed into a wet (water) scrubber producing hydrofluoric acid. In both cases the phosphoric acid solution usually contains 23–33% P 2 O 5 (32–46% H 3 PO 4). It may be concentrated to produce commercial-or merchant-grade phosphoric acid, which contains about 54–62% P 2 O 5 (75–85% H 3 PO 4).
Phosphoric acid units can be bonded together in rings (cyclic structures). The simplest such compound is trimetaphosphoric acid or cyclo-triphosphoric acid having the formula H 3 P 3 O 9. Its structure is shown in the illustration. Since the ends are condensed, its formula has one less H 2 O (water) than tripolyphosphoric acid.
Water gas is a kind of fuel gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It is produced by "alternately hot blowing a fuel layer [coke] with air and gasifying it ...
The water molecule is amphoteric in aqueous solution. It can either gain a proton to form a hydronium ion H 3 O +, or else lose a proton to form a hydroxide ion OH −. [7] Another possibility is the molecular autoionization reaction between two water molecules, in which one water molecule acts as an acid and another as a base.
For aqueous solutions of an acid HA, the base is water; the conjugate base is A − and the conjugate acid is the hydronium ion. The Brønsted–Lowry definition applies to other solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide: the solvent S acts as a base, accepting a proton and forming the conjugate acid SH +.
Sulfuric acid may be written as O 2 S(OH) 2; this is the molecule observed in the gas phase. The phosphite ion, PO 3− 3 , is a strong base , and so always carries at least one proton. In this case the proton is attached directly to the phosphorus atom with the structure HPO 2− 3 .
Two charges are present with a negative charge in the middle (red shade), and a positive charge at the ends (blue shade). In chemistry , polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment , with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.