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Phosphoric acid units can be bonded together in rings (cyclic structures). The simplest such compound is trimetaphosphoric acid or cyclo-triphosphoric acid having the formula H 3 P 3 O 9. Its structure is shown in the illustration. Since the ends are condensed, its formula has one less H 2 O (water) than tripolyphosphoric acid.
The hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas is streamed into a wet (water) scrubber producing hydrofluoric acid. In both cases the phosphoric acid solution usually contains 23–33% P 2 O 5 (32–46% H 3 PO 4). It may be concentrated to produce commercial-or merchant-grade phosphoric acid, which contains about 54–62% P 2 O 5 (75–85% H 3 PO 4).
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, a.k.a. phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4. The phosphate or orthophosphate ion [PO 4] 3− is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons H +.
Hypophosphoric acid can be prepared by the reaction of red phosphorus with sodium chlorite at room temperature. [2]2 P + 2 NaClO 2 + 2 H 2 O → Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 6 + 2 HCl. A mixture of hypophosphoric acid, phosphorous acid (H 3 PO 3) and phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) is produced when white phosphorus oxidises in air when partially immersed in water.
Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) or tungstophosphoric acid (TPA), is a heteropoly acid with the chemical formula H 3 P W 12 O 40].It forms hydrates H 3 [PW 12 O 40]·nH 2 O.It is normally isolated as the n = 24 hydrate but can be desiccated to the hexahydrate (n = 6). [2]
The water molecule is amphoteric in aqueous solution. It can either gain a proton to form a hydronium ion H 3 O +, or else lose a proton to form a hydroxide ion OH −. [7] Another possibility is the molecular autoionization reaction between two water molecules, in which one water molecule acts as an acid and another as a base.
In water, measurable pK a values range from about −2 for a strong acid to about 12 for a very weak acid (or strong base). A buffer solution of a desired pH can be prepared as a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base. In practice, the mixture can be created by dissolving the acid in water, and adding the requisite amount of strong acid ...
A phosphoryl group is a trivalent >P(=O)− group, consisting of a phosphorus atom (symbol P) and an oxygen atom (symbol O), where the three free valencies are on the phosphorus atom. While commonly depicted as possessing a double bond (P=O) the bonding is in fact non-classical.