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Space technology is technology for use in outer space. Space technology includes space vehicles such as spacecraft , satellites , space stations and orbital launch vehicles ; deep-space communication ; in-space propulsion ; and a wide variety of other technologies including support infrastructure equipment, and procedures .
"Aeronautical engineering" was the original term for the field. As flight technology advanced to include vehicles operating in outer space, the broader term "aerospace engineering" has come into use. [4] Aerospace engineering, particularly the astronautics branch, is often colloquially referred to as "rocket science". [5] [a]
Systems engineering for maintaining the design baseline and derivation of subsystem requirements, Communications engineering for the design of the subsystems that communicate with the ground (e.g. telemetry) and perform ranging. Computer engineering for the design of the on-board computers and computer buses. This subsystem is mainly based on ...
In most industrial countries, the aerospace industry is a co-operation of the public and private sectors. For example, several states have a civilian space program funded by the government, such as National Aeronautics and Space Administration in the United States, European Space Agency in Europe, the Canadian Space Agency in Canada, Indian Space Research Organisation in India, Japan Aerospace ...
When in space, the purpose of a propulsion system is to change the velocity, or v, of a spacecraft. [7] In-space propulsion begins where the upper stage of the launch vehicle leaves off, performing the functions of primary propulsion, reaction control, station keeping, precision pointing, and orbital maneuvering.
Earth analogs to space applications may include Antarctic, desert, high altitude, underground, undersea environments and closed ecological systems. The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) Design Engineering Technical Committee (DETC) meets several times a year to discuss policy, education, standards, and practice issues ...
The PPT propulsion system was tested for 70 minutes on the 14 December 1964 when the spacecraft was 4.2 million kilometers from Earth. [18] The first successful demonstration of an ion engine was NASA SERT-1 (Space Electric Rocket Test) spacecraft. [19] [20] It launched on 20 July 1964 and operated for 31 minutes. [19]
The V-Model of the general Systems Development Life Cycle. [1]Spacecraft systems are normally developed under the responsibility of space agencies as NASA, ESA etc. In the space area standardized terms and processes have been introduced to allow for unambiguous communication between all partners and efficient usage of all documents.