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The major function of alkaline phosphatase is transporting chemicals across cell membranes. [1] Alkaline phosphatases are present in many human tissues, including bone, intestine, kidney, liver, placenta and white blood cells. [2] Damage to these tissues causes the release of ALP into the bloodstream.
Because the test pad reaction is dependent on pH, false positive results can occur if the urine is highly alkaline. [60] [62] Conventional test strips are not sensitive enough to reliably detect microalbuminuria, a condition in which urine albumin levels are slightly elevated, [64] although dipsticks specialized for this measurement exist. [62]
10–20% when urine is persistently acidic Yellow/reddish brown : Radio-lucent Diets rich in animal proteins and purines: substances found naturally in all food but especially in organ meats, fish, and shellfish. Struvite: 3% infections in the kidney and when urine is alkaline (high pH) Dirty white : Radio-opaque
This rod-shaped bacterium has the ability to produce high levels of urease, which hydrolyzes urea to ammonia (NH 3), so makes the urine more alkaline. Prolonged increased alkalinity can lead to the formation of crystals of struvite, calcium carbonate, and/or apatite, which can result in struvite kidney stones.
The diagnosis of dRTA can be made by the observation of a relatively alkaline urinary pH of greater than 5.3 in the face of a systemic acidemia (usually taken to be a serum bicarbonate of 20 mmol/L or less). In the case of an incomplete dRTA, failure to acidify the urine following an oral acid loading challenge is often used as a test.
Several lab test results, such as elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and elevated creatinine, are illustrative of azotemia and kidney impairment. [ 4 ] [ 6 ] Histologically, the kidneys of individuals with milk-alkali syndrome have been shown to have "complete glomerulus hyalinization, thickening of the Bowman's capsule , tubular atrophy ...
The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP, alkaline phenyl phosphatase) is a phosphatase with the physiological role of dephosphorylating compounds. The enzyme is found across a multitude of organisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike, with the same general function, but in different structural forms suitable to the environment they function in. Alkaline phosphatase is found in the periplasmic ...
The acid-ash hypothesis is a medical hypothesis which suggests that excessively acidic diets may result in a number of identifiable health effects, including an increased risk of osteoporosis. [1] It has received some attention in the lay community, and has been used to support the diet known as the Alkaline diet. [1]