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  2. Fermat's factorization method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat's_factorization_method

    Fermat's method works best when there is a factor near the square-root of N. If the approximate ratio of two factors ( d / c {\displaystyle d/c} ) is known, then a rational number v / u {\displaystyle v/u} can be picked near that value.

  3. Factorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization

    In elementary algebra, factoring a polynomial reduces the problem of finding its roots to finding the roots of the factors. Polynomials with coefficients in the integers or in a field possess the unique factorization property, a version of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic with prime numbers replaced by irreducible polynomials.

  4. Perfect square - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_square

    A perfect square is an element of algebraic structure that is equal to the square of another element. ... Perfect square trinomials, a method of factoring polynomials

  5. Factorization of polynomials over finite fields - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization_of...

    A consequence is that, when factoring a polynomial over the integers, the algorithm which follows is not used: one first computes the square-free factorization over the integers, and to factor the resulting polynomials, one chooses a p such that they remain square-free modulo p. Algorithm: SFF (Square-Free Factorization) Input: A monic ...

  6. Difference of two squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_of_two_squares

    Another geometric proof proceeds as follows: We start with the figure shown in the first diagram below, a large square with a smaller square removed from it. The side of the entire square is a, and the side of the small removed square is b. The area of the shaded region is . A cut is made, splitting the region into two rectangular pieces, as ...

  7. Integer factorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_factorization

    A general-purpose factoring algorithm, also known as a Category 2, Second Category, or Kraitchik family algorithm, [10] has a running time which depends solely on the size of the integer to be factored. This is the type of algorithm used to factor RSA numbers. Most general-purpose factoring algorithms are based on the congruence of squares method.

  8. List of Mersenne primes and perfect numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mersenne_primes...

    The following is a list of all 52 currently known (as of January 2025) Mersenne primes and corresponding perfect numbers, along with their exponents p. The largest 18 of these have been discovered by the distributed computing project Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search , or GIMPS; their discoverers are listed as "GIMPS / name ", where the name ...

  9. Completing the square - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completing_the_square

    Given a quadratic polynomial of the form + + it is possible to factor out the coefficient a, and then complete the square for the resulting monic polynomial. Example: + + = [+ +] = [(+) +] = (+) + = (+) + This process of factoring out the coefficient a can further be simplified by only factorising it out of the first 2 terms.