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Any relationship between these properties is highly dependent on the shape in question. There are two types of section modulus, elastic and plastic: The elastic section modulus is used to calculate a cross-section's resistance to bending within the elastic range, where stress and strain are proportional.
For a homogeneous isotropic linear elastic material, the stress is related to the strain by =, where is the Young's modulus. Hence the stress in an Euler–Bernoulli beam is given by = Note that the above relation, when compared with the relation between the axial stress and the bending moment, leads to
Strength depends upon material properties. The strength of a material depends on its capacity to withstand axial stress, shear stress, bending, and torsion.The strength of a material is measured in force per unit area (newtons per square millimetre or N/mm², or the equivalent megapascals or MPa in the SI system and often pounds per square inch psi in the United States Customary Units system).
The modulus of elasticity can be used to determine the stress–strain relationship in the linear-elastic portion of the stress–strain curve. The linear-elastic region is either below the yield point, or if a yield point is not easily identified on the stress–strain plot it is defined to be between 0 and 0.2% strain, and is defined as the ...
In engineering and materials science, a stress–strain curve for a material gives the relationship between stress and strain. It is obtained by gradually applying load to a test coupon and measuring the deformation , from which the stress and strain can be determined (see tensile testing ).
Stress-strain curve: Plot the calculated stress versus the applied strain to create a stress-strain curve. The slope of the initial, linear portion of this curve gives Young's modulus. Mathematically, Young's modulus E is calculated using the formula E=σ/ϵ, where σ is the stress and ϵ is the strain. Shear modulus (G)
In mechanics, the flexural modulus or bending modulus [1] is an intensive property that is computed as the ratio of stress to strain in flexural deformation, or the tendency for a material to resist bending. It is determined from the slope of a stress-strain curve produced by a flexural test (such as the ASTM D790), and uses units of force per ...
Stress in plastic protractor causes birefringence. The photoelastic method relies on the fact that some materials exhibit birefringence on the application of stress, and the magnitude of the refractive indices at each point in the material is directly related to the state of stress at that point. The stresses in a structure can be determined by ...