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For precise applications, many coordinate systems have been defined for the Moon, each with a slightly different prime meridian. The IAU recommends the "mean Earth/polar axis" system, [1] in which the prime meridian is the average direction (from the Moon's center) of the Earth's center. [2]
West and east on the Moon are where they would be expected, when standing on the Moon. But when the Moon is seen from Earth, then the east–west direction is reversed. When specifying coordinates on the Moon it should therefore always be mentioned whether geographic (or rather selenographic) coordinates are used or astronomical coordinates.
Selenography is the study of the surface and physical features of the Moon (also known as geography of the Moon, or selenodesy). [1] Like geography and areography , selenography is a subdiscipline within the field of planetary science .
14.1° N 45.0° E 143 km Sinus Aestuum: Seething Bay 10.9° N 8.8° W 290 km Sinus Amoris: Bay of Love 18.1° N 39.1° E 130 km Sinus Asperitatis: Bay of Roughness 3.8° S 27.4° E 206 km Sinus Concordiae: Bay of Harmony 10.8° N 43.2° E 142 km Sinus Fidei: Bay of Trust 18.0° N 2.0° E 70 km Sinus Honoris: Bay of Honor 11.7° N 18.1° E 109 km
The Pre-Nectarian period is defined from the point at which the lunar crust formed, to the time of the Nectaris impact event. Nectaris is a multi-ring impact basin that formed on the near side of the Moon, and its ejecta blanket serves as a useful stratigraphic marker. 30 impact basins from this period are recognized, the oldest of which is the South Pole–Aitken basin.
In geography and particularly in geographic information science, a geographic feature or simply feature (also called an object or entity) is a representation of phenomenon that exists at a location in the space and scale of relevance to geography; that is, at or near the surface of Earth.
A diagram of a typical nautical sextant, a tool used in celestial navigation to measure the angle between two objects viewed by means of its optical sight. Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is the practice of position fixing using stars and other celestial bodies that enables a navigator to accurately determine their actual current physical position in space or on the ...
Copernicus is a lunar impact crater located in eastern Oceanus Procellarum.It was named after the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus. [1] It typifies craters that formed during the Copernican period in that it has a prominent ray system.