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Aspiration pneumonitis (Mendelson's syndrome) is chemical injury of lung tissue secondary to aspiration of regurtitated gastric acid. [15] The syndrome was first described among pregnant patients [16] after the administration of anesthesia, though it can occur in any scenario where gastric contents are aspirated. [17]
Aspiration is defined as inhalation of oropharyngeal or gastric contents into the pulmonary tree. Depending on the composition of the aspirate, three complications have been described: [ 4 ] Chemical pneumonitis may develop whose severity depends on the pH value and quantity of aspirate. [ 4 ]
Residual gastric volume of greater than 25ml, with; pH of less than 2.5; However these are indirect measurements and are not factors that directly influence aspiration risk. [3] Patients with a high risk should have a rapid sequence induction. High risk is defined as these factors: [3] Non-elective surgical procedure
This avails for aspiration in one lumen, and venting in the other to reduce negative pressure and prevent gastric mucosa from being drawn into the catheter. [5] Dobhoff tube, which is a small bore NG tube with a weight at the end intended to pull it by gravity during insertion. The name "Dobhoff" refers to its inventors, surgeons Dr. Robert ...
[11] Gastric inflation can lead to vomiting and subsequent aspiration of stomach contents into the lungs, which has been cited as a major hazard of bag-valve-mask ventilation, [12] with one study suggesting this effect is difficult to avoid even for the most skilled and experienced users, stating "When using a self-inflatable bag, even ...
A nasogastric aspirate can help determine the location (source) of bleeding and help understand the best initial diagnostic and treatment plan. Nasogastric aspirate has a sensitivity of 42%, specificity 91%, negative predictive value 64%, positive predictive value 92% and overall accuracy of 66% in differentiating upper gastrointestinal ...
Gastric aspiration and or lavage, where a tube is inserted into the stomach via the nose in an attempt to determine if there is blood in the stomach, if negative does not rule out an upper GI bleed [20] but if positive is useful for ruling one in. [14] Clots in the stool indicate a lower GI source while melana stools an upper one.
Preoperative fasting is the practice of a surgical patient abstaining from eating or drinking ("nothing by mouth") for some time before having an operation.This is intended to prevent stomach contents from getting into the windpipe and lungs (known as a pulmonary aspiration) while the patient is under general anesthesia. [1]