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The terms Gran Colombia and Greater Colombia are used historiographically to distinguish it from the current Republic of Colombia, [4] which is also the official name of the former state. However, international recognition of the legitimacy of the Gran Colombian state ran afoul of European opposition to the independence of states in the Americas.
With this, Gran Colombia vanished after 11 years of existence. On 13 May 1830, the Southern District declared its independence from Colombia, forming the State of Ecuador. That day an Assembly of Notables met in Quito to resolve the separation of this region from Gran Colombia and form an independent State, although initially federated.
Reunification of Gran Colombia refers to the potential future reunification of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama under a single government. Although Gran Colombia was dissolved in the 19th century, [ 1 ] interest and efforts in reunification were expressed as early as 1903 when Panama separated from Colombia .
The politics of clientelism in Colombia: Democracy and the state (Routledge, 2017). Murillo, Mario A., and Jesus Rey Avirama. Colombia and the United States: war, unrest, and destabilization (Seven Stories Press, 2004). Phelan, John Leddy. The People and the King: The Comunero Revolt in Colombia, 1781. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press 1978.
Battle of Lake Maracaibo in 1823 resulted in the final expulsion of the Spanish from Gran Colombia. To ensure that the Presidency of Quito became a part of Gran Colombia and did not remain a collection of small, divided republics, Bolívar sent aid in the form of supplies and an army under Antonio José de Sucre to Guayaquil in February 1821 ...
After Bolívar died and Gran Colombia broke up, Santander returned from exile in 1832 and served as President of the Republic of New Granada from 1832 to 1836. Santander had spent a great deal of time in Europe absorbing how the ideas of the Enlightenment were affecting European politics in the early 19th century.
All this was quickly reversed when word got to the Congress of Bolívar's success. In December Bolívar returned to Angostura, where he urged the Congress to proclaim the creation of a new state: the Republic of Colombia (Gran Colombia). It did so on 17 December and elected him president of the new country.
Historic church of Cúcuta, where the deputies of New Granada (Colombia) and Venezuela signed the Constitution. Simón Bolívar was elected President of the Republic, and Francisco de Paula Santander, Vice-President. This is considered the first constitution of Colombia, and lasted until the dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1831.