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In Scotland, just 400 people own more than 50% of privately owned land. [4] Other countries with high land concentration include the United States, Venezuela, Paraguay, South Africa, and Namibia. [5] Land concentration is currently increasing in the European Union [6] and the United States, [7] but decreasing in North Africa. [8
Redistribution of income and wealth is the transfer of income and wealth (including physical property) from some individuals to others through a social mechanism such as taxation, welfare, public services, land reform, monetary policies, confiscation, divorce or tort law. [1]
Rent-seeking activities have negative effects on the rest of society. They result in reduced economic efficiency through misallocation of resources , stifled competition , reduced wealth creation , lost government revenue , heightened income inequality , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] risk of growing corruption and cronyism , decreased public trust in ...
Political factors also have a bearing on an agrarian system due to issues such as land ownership, labor organization, and forms of cultivation. [ 1 ] As food security has become more important, mostly due to the explosive population growth during the 20th century, the efficiency of agrarian systems has come under greater review .
Land in Bolivia was unequally distributed – 92% of the cultivable land was held by large estates – until the Bolivian national revolution in 1952. Then, the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement government abolished forced peasantry labor and established a program of expropriation and distribution of the rural property of the traditional landlords to the indigenous peasants.
On the eve of the Great Famine the population of Ireland had risen to 8 million, most people living on ever-smaller farms and depending on the potato as a staple diet. By the 1840s, many farms had become so small that the only food source that could be grown in sufficient quantity to feed a family was potatoes.
The impact of agricultural policy on reducing poverty differs across countries and is influenced by a variety of factors, such as the level of government policy support, the degree of public and private investment in agriculture, the different types of agriculture, and the growth rates of agriculture parallel to non-agriculture sectors. [7]
Welfare reforms are changes in the operation of a given welfare system aimed at improving the efficiency, equity, and administration of government assistance programs. . Reform programs may have a various aims; sometimes the focus is on reducing the number of individuals receiving government assistance and welfare system expenditure, and at other times reforms may aim to ensure greater ...