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Gastrointestinal perforation, also known as gastrointestinal rupture, [1] is a hole in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. The gastrointestinal tract is composed of hollow digestive organs leading from the mouth to the anus. [3] Symptoms of gastrointestinal perforation commonly include severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. [2]
Perforated ulcer; Other names: Ruptured ulcer: Endoscopic image of a posterior wall duodenal ulcer with a clean base, which is a common cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and could potentially lead to perforation. Specialty: Gastroenterology Symptoms: Abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea: Complications: Bowel perforation, sepsis ...
Organ perforation is a complete penetration of the wall of a hollow organ in the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract in the case of gastrointestinal perforation. It mainly refers to accidental or pathologic perforation, rather than intentional penetration during surgery. It can lead to peritonitis if untreated. [2]
Colonic ulcers present differently depending on where and how much of the intestinal wall is affected. Patients may be asymptomatic or exhibit symptoms such as anemia, abdominal pain, hematochezia, chronic gastrointestinal bleeding, and perforation. [2]
Common causes of an acute abdomen include a gastrointestinal perforation, peptic ulcer disease, mesenteric ischemia, acute cholecystitis, appendicitis, diverticulitis, pancreatitis, and an abdominal hemorrhage. However, this is a non-exhaustative list and other less common causes may also lead to an acute abdomen. [2]
Examples include perforation of the distal esophagus (Boerhaave syndrome), of the stomach (peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma), of the duodenum (peptic ulcer), of the remaining intestine (e.g., appendicitis, diverticulitis, Meckel diverticulum, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), intestinal infarction, intestinal strangulation, colorectal carcinoma ...
Symptoms can include abdominal distension, pain, and nausea. [ 2 ] Stercoral perforation is a rare and very dangerous, life-threatening situation, as well as a surgical emergency , because the spillage of contaminated intestinal contents into the abdominal cavity leads to peritonitis , a rapid bacteremia ( bacterial infection of the blood ...
Risk factors for a perforated ulcers include bacterial infection, such as H. pylori, and routine use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. [2] The right lower quadrant pain is caused by peritonitis from exposure to gastrointestinal fluids draining down from the perforation in the right upper quadrant.