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A stalactite (UK: / ˈ s t æ l ə k ˌ t aɪ t /, US: / s t ə ˈ l æ k t aɪ t /; from Ancient Greek σταλακτός (stalaktós) 'dripping', from σταλάσσειν (stalássein) 'to drip') [1] is a mineral formation that hangs from the ceiling of caves, hot springs, or man-made structures such as bridges and mines.
Stalactite vault – See Muqarnas vault. A vaulting system employing carved Muqarna to corbel the span. Stellar vault – from Lierne (vault). A Rib vault including liernes and tiercerons forming a star shaped pattern of ribs. Stilted vault – See Ploughshare vault; Surbased vault – A vault with a cross section less than a semicircle, i.e. a ...
It is thought to have originated from the Greek word korōnis, meaning "cornice" [1] or "ornamental molding". [8] There is also speculation of the origin to stem from the Arabic word qarnasi meaning "intricate work". [9] Nişanyan claims that it is related to the Aramaic קרנסא, meaning "hammering". [10]
Muqarnas (also known as "stalactite" or "honeycomb" sculpting) was also rendered more complex than before by using smaller individual cells to create the three-dimensional geometric forms. Visual balance could be achieved by alternating one type or pattern of decoration with another between the different subdivisions of the vault. [ 4 ]
With its spectacular stalactite formations and crystal-clear waters, this geological marvel has been sculpted by nature's hand over millions of years, creating an enchanting world beneath the surface.
Calthemite straw stalactite growing from the concrete ceiling of an undercover car-park Calthemite straw stalactites, the rightmost example demonstrating bending due to the direction of air currents during its formation. Calthemite is a secondary deposit, derived from concrete, lime, mortar or other calcareous material outside the cave environment.
A speleothem (/ ˈ s p iː l i ə θ ɛ m /; from Ancient Greek σπήλαιον (spḗlaion) 'cave' and θέμα (théma) 'deposit') is a geological formation made by mineral deposits that accumulate over time in natural caves. [1]
Image showing the six most common speleothems The "Witch’s Finger" in the Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico. A stalagmite (UK: / ˈ s t æ l ə ɡ ˌ m aɪ t /, US: / s t ə ˈ l æ ɡ m aɪ t /; from Greek σταλαγμίτης (stalagmítēs); from Ancient Greek σταλαγμίας (stalagmías) 'dropping, trickling' and -ίτης (-ítēs) 'one connected to, a member of') [1] is a type of ...