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  2. Condensin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensin

    Figure 1. An interphase nucleus (left) and a set of mitotic chromosomes (right) from human tissue culture cells. Bar, 10 μm. Condensins are large protein complexes that play a central role in chromosome assembly and segregation during mitosis and meiosis (Figure 1).

  3. Mitosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis

    During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated during interphase, condense and attach to spindle fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. [4] The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The rest of the cell may then continue to divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. [5]

  4. DNA condensation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_condensation

    Condensation of long double-helical DNAs is a sharp phase transition, which takes place within a narrow interval of condensing agent concentrations.[ref] Since the double helices come very closely to each other in the condensed phase, this leads to the restructuring of water molecules, which gives rise to the so-called hydration forces.[ref] To ...

  5. Prophase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophase

    Various DNA stains are used to treat cells such that condensing chromosomes can be visualized as the move through prophase. [4] The giemsa G-banding technique is commonly used to identify mammalian chromosomes, but utilizing the technology on plant cells was originally difficult due to the high degree of chromosome compaction in plant cells.

  6. Premature chromosome condensation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premature_chromosome...

    The hierarchical folding model of chromosome condensation. Premature chromosome condensation (PCC), also known as premature mitosis, occurs in eukaryotic organisms when mitotic cells fuse with interphase cells. [1] Chromatin, a substance that contains genetic material such as DNA, is normally found in a loose bundle inside a cell's nucleus.

  7. Biochemical switches in the cell cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_switches_in...

    As mitosis starts, the nuclear envelope disintegrates, chromosomes condense and become visible, and the cell prepares for division. Cyclin B-Cdk1 activation results in nuclear envelope breakdown, which is a characteristic of the initiation of mitosis. [1]

  8. Metaphase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphase

    Stages of early mitosis in a vertebrate cell with micrographs of chromatids Metaphase (from Ancient Greek μετα- ( meta- ) beyond, above, transcending and from Ancient Greek φάσις (phásis) 'appearance') is a stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are at their second-most condensed and coiled stage (they are ...

  9. Spindle apparatus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spindle_apparatus

    Micrograph showing condensed chromosomes in blue, kinetochores in pink, and microtubules in green during metaphase of mitosis. In cell biology, the spindle apparatus is the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells.