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In general the vowels of Biblical Hebrew were not indicated in the original text, but various sources attest them at various stages of development. Greek and Latin transcriptions of words from the Biblical text provide early evidence of the nature of Biblical Hebrew vowels.
In Hebrew orthography, niqqud or nikud (Hebrew: נִקּוּד, Modern: nikúd, Tiberian: niqqūḏ, "dotting, pointing" or Hebrew: נְקֻדּוֹת, Modern: nekudót, Tiberian: nəquddōṯ, "dots") is a system of diacritical signs used to represent vowels or distinguish between alternative pronunciations of letters of the Hebrew alphabet.
The vowel system of Biblical Hebrew changed over time and is reflected differently in the ancient Greek and Latin transcriptions, medieval vocalization systems, and modern reading traditions. It had a typical Semitic morphology with nonconcatenative morphology , arranging Semitic roots into patterns to form words.
The system soon became used to vocalize other Hebrew texts as well. Tiberian vocalization marks vowels and stress, distinguishes consonant quality and length, and serves as punctuation. While the Tiberian system was devised for Tiberian Hebrew , it has become the dominant system for vocalizing all forms of Hebrew.
Tiberian Hebrew is the canonical pronunciation of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) committed to writing by Masoretic scholars living in the Jewish community of Tiberias in ancient Galilee c. 750–950 CE under the Abbasid Caliphate.
Gen. 1:9 And God said, "Let the waters be collected". Letters in black, pointing in red, cantillation in blue [1] Hebrew orthography includes three types of diacritics: . Niqqud in Hebrew is the way to indicate vowels, which are omitted in modern orthography, using a set of ancillary glyphs.
Similarly in Sephardic Hebrew a shewa after a syllable with a long vowel is invariably treated as vocal. (In Tiberian Hebrew, that is true only when the long vowel is marked with a meteg.) There are further differences: Sephardim now pronounce shewa na as /e/ in all positions, but the older rules (as in the Tiberian system) were more ...
Modern Hebrew has 25 to 27 consonants and 5 vowels [1], depending on the speaker and the analysis.. Hebrew has been used primarily for liturgical, literary, and scholarly purposes for most of the past two millennia.