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The process may be likened to how yeast ferments sugars to produce ethanol for wine, beer, or fuel, but the organisms that carry out the ABE fermentation are strictly anaerobic (obligate anaerobes). The ABE fermentation produces solvents in a ratio of 3 parts acetone, 6 parts butanol to 1 part ethanol.
One method for treating dairy wastewater is using anaerobic biofilm reactors. The biofilm grows on a support material which can be made of seashell, natural stones, charcoal, and plastic materials, amongst other sources. These anaerobic filters, however, can be clogged due to the high fat content of dairy wastewater. To combat the accumulation ...
The most important initial issue when considering the application of anaerobic digestion systems is the feedstock to the process. [55] Almost any organic material can be processed with anaerobic digestion; [ 56 ] however, if biogas production is the aim, the level of putrescibility is the key factor in its successful application. [ 57 ]
First, the wastewater enters the anaerobic bioreactor unit, where the organic load goes through the anaerobic process to be transformed into biogas. Subsequently, the remaining liquid, which still has small amounts of solids, goes into the membrane unit, to separate the remaining, smaller solid particles from the anaerobically treated wastewater.
UASB uses an anaerobic process whilst forming a blanket of granular sludge which suspends in the tank. Wastewater flows upwards through the blanket and is processed (degraded) by the anaerobic microorganisms. The upward flow combined with the settling action of gravity suspends the blanket with the aid of flocculants. The blanket begins to ...
Terminal electron acceptor is a compound that gets reduced in the reaction by receiving electrons. Examples of anoxic environments can include soils, [11] groundwater, [12] wetlands, oil reservoirs, [13] poorly ventilated corners of the ocean and seafloor sediments. Furthermore, denitrification can occur in oxic environments as well.
The upflow anaerobic process is a large reactor which allows the waste to flow up from the bottom and separates the waste into 3 zones. At the very top is the biogas zone where the gas is collected. Bacteria digest waste in the lowest portion of the upflow reactor; the bioreactor zone.
Industrial fermentation is the intentional use of fermentation in manufacturing processes. In addition to the mass production of fermented foods and drinks, industrial fermentation has widespread applications in chemical industry. Commodity chemicals, such as acetic acid, citric acid, and ethanol are made by fermentation. [1]