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2. PDE3 inhibitor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE3_inhibitor

   PDE3 inhibitors are indicated as inotropics for the therapy of acute heart failure if catecholamines are ineffective. [2] Well controlled studies have shown that these drugs generally increase mortality , [ 3 ] when used for the therapy of acute heart failure, so they have to be applied under close observation.

3. Cardiotonic agent - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiotonic_agent

   Cardiotonic agents, also known as cardiac inotropes or stimulants, have a positive impact on the myocardium (muscular layer of the heart) by enhancing its contractility. . Unlike general inotropes, these agents exhibit a higher level of specificity as they selectively target the myocar

4. Inotrope - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inotrope

   Positive inotropes are used to support cardiac function in conditions such as decompensated congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock, septic shock, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, etc. [10] Examples of positive inotropic agents include: [citation needed] Digoxin; Berberine; Calcium; Calcium sensitisers Levosimendan [11] Catecholamines ...

5. Amrinone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrinone

   The effects of amrinone vary widely with species and experimental condition; therefore, its inotropic effects are variable. [3] A loss in sensitivity to phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitors, including amrinone, has been observed in end stage heart failure in humans; other treatment options may be more useful for improvement in these stages. [3]

6. Milrinone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milrinone

   PKA also phosphorylates components on myofilaments allowing actin and myosin to interact more easily and thus increasing contractility and the inotropic state of the heart. Milrinone allows stimulation of cardiac function independently of β-adrenergic receptors which appear to be down-regulated in those with heart failure. [13]

7. Levosimendan - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levosimendan

   Levosimendan is a calcium sensitizer — it increases the sensitivity of the heart to calcium, thus increasing cardiac contractility without a rise in intracellular calcium. Levosimendan exerts its positive inotropic effect by increasing calcium sensitivity of myocytes by binding to cardiac troponin C in a calcium