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Perlia's nucleus, also known as nucleus of Perlia and abbreviated as NP, is a spindle-shaped nucleus located in the mesencephalon, a subdivision of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus [1] [2] situated between the right and left oculomotor nuclei. It is implicated in parasympathetic oculomotor functions, possibly including input to the iris and ciliary.
The outlook for someone with lateral medullary syndrome depends upon the size and location of the area of the brain stem damaged by the stroke. [2] Some individuals may see a decrease in their symptoms within weeks or months, while others may be left with significant neurological disabilities for years after the initial symptoms appear. [4]
Foville's syndrome is caused by the blockage of the perforating branches of the basilar artery in the region of the brainstem known as the pons. [1] It is most frequently caused by lesions such as vascular disease and tumors involving the dorsal pons.
The Edinger–Westphal nucleus refers to the adjacent population of non-preganglionic neurons that do not project to the ciliary ganglion, but rather project to the spinal cord, dorsal raphe nucleus, lateral septal nuclei, lateral hypothalamic area and the central nucleus of the amygdala, among other regions.
The subparabrachial nucleus (also known as the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus, or diffuse reticular nucleus) regulates the breathing rate. It receives signals from the caudal , cardio-respiratory part of the solitary nucleus and sends signals to the lower medulla oblongata , the spinal cord , the amygdala and the lateral hypothalamus .
Neurological symptoms may include diffuse leukoencephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and myopathy. [2] Ocular symptoms may include retinal degeneration, ophthalmoplegia, and ptosis. [2] [5] Those with MNGIE are often thin and experience continuous weight loss. The characteristic thinness of MNGIE patients is caused by multiple factors ...
With the abducens nucleus it makes up the horizontal gaze centre. [1] It is situated in the pons adjacent to the abducens nucleus. [2] It projects to the ipsilateral abducens (cranial nerve VI) nucleus, and contralateral oculomotor (cranial nerve III) nucleus [note 1] to mediate conjugate horizontal gaze and saccades.
Central pain syndrome, also known as central neuropathic pain, [1] is a neurological condition consisting of constant moderate to severe pain due to damage to the central nervous system (CNS) which causes a sensitization of the pain system. [2] [3] The extent of pain and the areas affected are related to the cause of the injury. [4]