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Tulving first made the distinction between episodic and semantic memory in a 1972 book chapter. [13] Episodic memory is the ability to consciously recollect previous experiences from memory (e.g., recalling a recent family trip to Disney World), whereas semantic memory is the ability to store more general knowledge in memory (e.g., the fact ...
Along with semantic memory, it comprises the category of explicit memory, one of the two major divisions of long-term memory (the other being implicit memory). [2] The term "episodic memory" was coined by Endel Tulving in 1972, referring to the distinction between knowing and remembering: knowing is factual recollection (semantic) whereas ...
They argued that rehearsal that consists simply of repeating previous analyses (maintenance rehearsal) doesn't enhance long-term memory. [2] In a study from 1975 (Craik and Tulving) participants were given a list of 60 words. Each word was presented along with three questions.
The term 'episodic memory' was introduced by Tulving and Schacter in the context of 'declarative memory' which involved simple association of factual or objective information concerning its object. [2] Word meaning is measured by the company they keep, i.e. the relationships among words themselves in a semantic network. The memories may be ...
Numerous theoretical accounts of memory have differentiated memory for facts and memory for context.Psychologist Endel Tulving (1972; 1983) further defined these two declarative memory conceptions of explicit memory (in which information is consciously registered and recalled) into semantic memory wherein general world knowledge not tied to specific events is stored and episodic memory ...
As we’ve seen, elephants have a large cerebral cortex capable of creating a large long-term memory for their, and the herd’s, survival. Matriarchs build up memories to help the herd survive ...
This principle plays a significant role in both the concept of context-dependent memory and the concept of state-dependent memory. Examples of the use of the encoding specificity principle include; studying in the same room as an exam is taken and the recall of information when intoxicated being easier when intoxicated again.
In 1972 the U.S. Olympic basketball team beat the Soviets 50-49. Later, by a 3-2 vote Olympic officials declared the Soviets winners, 51-50. The great 1972 Olympic holdup: Trish Long