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Ink drawing of Ganesha under an umbrella (early 19th century). Ink, called masi, an admixture of several chemical components, has been used in India since at least the 4th century BC. [1] The practice of writing with ink and a sharp pointed needle was common in early South India. [2] Several Jain sutras in India were compiled in ink. [3]
Most markers have alcohol-based solvents. Other types, called paint markers, contain volatile organic compounds which evaporate to dry the ink, and are similar to spray paint. Due to solvents such as toluene and xylene often being present in permanent markers, they have a potential for abuse as a recreational drug.
Some users mix inks to create their own colours. Some combinations of inks may cause unexpected colour changes, even if the inks are from the same manufacturer. This is a result of chemical reactions between the different components. The colour of many dyes depends on pH, and some lose their colour entirely outside a certain pH range.
Inks that are visible for a period of time without the intention of being made visible again are called disappearing inks. Disappearing inks typically rely on the chemical reaction between thymolphthalein and a basic substance such as sodium hydroxide. Thymolphthalein, which is normally colorless, turns blue in solution with the base.
Other inks may use benzoisothiazolinone, which is a skin irritant. [3] To help the carrier serve as a vehicle for delivering pigment, commercial formulations may include wetting agents, pH-regulating chemicals, stabilizers, and thickening agents. [27] Ink manufacturers may add witch hazel to help the skin heal after the tattooing process. [2]
Gel pens. Compared to other inks, gel ink has higher melting point viscosity, which supports a higher proportion of pigments in the medium.The pigments are typically copper phthalocyanine, carbon black and iron oxides, and the gel is made up of water and biopolymers, such as xanthan gum and tragacanth gum, as well as some types of polyacrylate thickeners.
Around 35% of tattoo or permanent makeup inks sold in the U.S. are contaminated with bacteria, a new study found. Researchers tested 75 total inks from 14 manufacturers to identify how much ...
The smell of the ink also reduces the security of secret messages as the hidden messages can be easily found with the help of trained animals. UV markers should not be used on surfaces that may already contain similar chemicals found in the UV marker ink, such as in high-brightness copier papers.