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Basic India ink is composed of a variety of fine soot, known as lampblack, combined with water to form a liquid. No binder material is necessary: the carbon molecules are in colloidal suspension and form a waterproof layer after drying. A binding agent such as gelatin or, more commonly, shellac may be
The coatings and inks industries prefer grades of carbon black that are acid-oxidized. Acid is sprayed in high-temperature dryers during the manufacturing process to change the inherent surface chemistry of the black. The amount of chemically-bonded oxygen on the surface area of the black is increased to enhance performance characteristics.
The earliest inks from all civilizations are believed to have been made with lampblack, a kind of soot, easily collected as a by-product of fire. [4] Ink was used in Ancient Egypt for writing and drawing on papyrus from at least the 26th century BC. [5]
Thomas Little dissolves revolvers and assault rifles to make iron-based inks and pigments, taking firearms out of circulation and providing artists with a unique new material.
Iron gall ink (also known as common ink, standard ink, oak gall ink or iron gall nut ink) is a purple-black or brown-black ink made from iron salts and tannic acids from vegetable sources. It was the standard ink formulation used in Europe for the 1400-year period between the 5th and 19th centuries, remained in widespread use well into the 20th ...
Records indicate that one of the essential components of lampblack ink was proteinaceous glue. Ox glue and stag-horn glues bound particles of pigments together, acting as a preservative by forming a film over the surface as the ink dried. [9] The Chinese, such as Kao Gong Ji, also researched glue for medicinal purposes. [13]
Some ink was made by combining soot and sugarcane juice, left to ferment for a short time to develop some alcohol. [32] Recent practices include combining soot with water in a coconut half-shell. [33] Inuit women have a tradition of kakiniit, tattoos historically made with qulliq lampblack [34] and seal suet. [35]
In calligraphy, black lines are generally produced with lampblack ink on a light background. For Ottoman calligraphy, the most common colors were yellow (zırnık); red, white, and gold. The pigments were made with a variety of chemicals and substances, including orpiment, tulips and white lead.