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In the study of the biological sciences, biocommunication is any specific type of communication within (intraspecific) or between (interspecific) species of plants, animals, fungi, [1] protozoa and microorganisms. [2] Communication means sign-mediated interactions following three levels of rules (syntactic, pragmatic and semantic).
In applied business disciplines, such as in marketing, [7] fieldwork is a standard research method both for commercial purposes, like market research, [8] and academic research. For instance, researchers have used ethnography , netnography , and in-depth interviews within Consumer Culture Theory , a field that aims to understand the ...
Biological ablation: Used to remove a biological structure or functionality: Genetics, Physiology: Calcium imaging: Used to optically measure the status of calcium ions (Ca 2+) in an isolated cell, tissue or medium: Physiology: Cell isolation: Process of separating individual living cells from a solid block of tissue or cell suspension: Cell ...
Richard Dawkins outlines in The Selfish Gene (1976) [4] that humans are machines made of genes, and genes are the grounding for everything people do. The gene-centric view outlines that natural selection, evolution and all behaviour must be traced back to the survival of competing genes as an extension of Darwin's theory being the survival of competing individuals.
To get a detailed description of the various methods see protein methods and nucleic acid methods. Besides the aforementioned groups of techniques, biotechnology also includes plant tissue culture methods, animal cell culture methods, and microbial fermentation methods.
Biological Procedures Online is a peer-reviewed, biomedical protocols journal that is open access and published online only. Biological Procedures Online publishes protocols in research techniques and applications of existing techniques; validity analysis of research methods and approaches for judging the validity of research reports; hypothesis development and experimental design; application ...
Pharmaceutical marketing is a branch of marketing science and practice focused on the communication, differential positioning and commercialization of pharmaceutical products, like specialist drugs, biotech drugs and over-the-counter drugs.
The action research methods allow the study to be located in not only communication theory, but also grassroots communication practice. In this approach, participants can act as co-investigators in cycles of inquiry, action and reflection and researchers are able to give back in a way that will develop the communicative ecology.