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Levels of estradiol in premenopausal women are highly variable throughout the menstrual cycle and reference ranges widely vary from source to source. [62] Estradiol levels are minimal and according to most laboratories range from 20 to 80 pg/mL during the early to mid follicular phase (or the first week of the menstrual cycle, also known as ...
[93] [94] Moreover, whereas normal physiological estrone sulfate levels are 10 to 25 times higher than those of estradiol and estrone in premenopausal women, [95] levels of estrone sulfate with oral estradiol are an additional 8 to 20 times higher than normal premenopausal or postmenopausal estrone sulfate levels.
In another study, a dosage of 1 mg/day oral micronized estradiol in healthy older men, which increased circulating estradiol levels by a relatively high amount of 6-fold (to 159 pg/mL), estrone levels by 15-fold (to 386 pg/mL), and SHBG levels by 17%, was found to suppress total testosterone levels by 27% (to 436 ng/dL) and free testosterone ...
During pregnancy, levels of estradiol increase to very high concentrations that are as much as 100-fold normal levels. [138] [139] [140] In late pregnancy, the body produces and secretes approximately 100 mg of estrogens, including estradiol, estrone, and estriol, per day. [138]
A reference range is usually defined as the set of values 95 percent of the normal population falls within ... [43] 0.7 [5] 0.82, ... Levels of estradiol (the main ...
The four major naturally occurring estrogens in women are estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and estetrol (E4). Estradiol (E2) is the predominant estrogen during reproductive years both in terms of absolute serum levels as well as in terms of estrogenic activity.
Estriol is a much less potent estrogen than is estradiol, and is somewhat weak and atypical in its properties. [ 4 ] [ 42 ] [ 44 ] [ 19 ] Given by subcutaneous injection in mice, estradiol is about 10-fold more potent than estrone and about 100-fold more potent than estriol. [ 51 ]
The influence of 2 mg/day oral estradiol valerate on coagulation factors is less than that of 10 μg/day oral ethinylestradiol. [93] [26] [94] [95] [96] Oral ethinylestradiol at 10 μg/day has been found to have about 1.5- to 2.5-fold the impact of 2 mg/day oral estradiol valerate on HDL cholesterol and triglycerides.