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Staff and line are names given to different types of functions in organizations. A line function is one that directly advances an organization in its core work. [1] This always includes production and sales, and sometimes marketing. [2] A staff function supports the organization with specialized advisory and support functions. [3]
A functional organizational structure is a structure that consists of activities such as coordination, supervision and task allocation. The organizational structure determines how the organization performs or operates. The term "organizational structure" refers to how the people in an organization are grouped and to whom they report.
Organizing is the function employed to achieve the overall goals of the organization. Organization harmonizes the individual goals of the employees with overall objectives of the firm. Composition of individuals and groups. Individuals forms a group and the groups forms an organization. Thus, organization is the composition of individual and ...
Functional organization is a type of organizational structure that uses the principle of specialization based on function or role. It allows decisions to be decentralized since issues are delegated to specialized persons or units, leaving them the responsibility of implementing, evaluating, or controlling the given procedures or goals.
A high degree of specialization leads to the development of proficiency and professional competence, as well as it enables, and implies, the development of centralized control functions. On the other hand, the problem of aligning individual and organizational goals remains. In addition, in this case, we would also need to consider departmental ...
Under coordination, as well as organization, Gulick emphasizes the theory of unity of command: that each worker should only have one direct superior so as to avoid confusion and inefficiency. Gulick discusses the concept of a holding company which may perform limited coordinating, planning, or budgeting functions. Subsidiary entities may carry ...
Organizational architecture, also known as organizational design, is a field concerned with the creation of roles, processes, and formal reporting relationships in an organization. It refers to architecture metaphorically, as a structure which fleshes out the organizations.
They devote more time to organizational and directional functions. Their roles can be emphasized as executing organizational plans in conformance with the company's policies and the top management's objectives, defining and discussing information and policies from top management to lower management, and most importantly, inspiring and providing ...