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For instance, Nevin, Tota, Torquato, and Shull (1990) had pigeons pecking lighted disks on separate variable-interval 60-s schedules of intermittent food reinforcement across two components of a multiple schedule. Additional free reinforcers were presented every 15 or 30 s on average when the disk was red, but not when the disk was green.
Conjunctive schedules – A complex schedule of reinforcement where two or more simple schedules are in effect independently of each other, and requirements on all of the simple schedules must be met for reinforcement. Multiple schedules – Two or more schedules alternate over time, with a stimulus indicating which is in force. Reinforcement ...
The hypothesis was originally formulated to describe choice behaviour among concurrently available chained schedules of reinforcement; [2] however, the basic principle of delay reduction () as the basis for determining a stimulus’ conditionally reinforcing function can be applied more generally to other research areas.
ABA is an applied science devoted to developing procedures which will produce observable changes in behavior. [3] [9] It is to be distinguished from the experimental analysis of behavior, which focuses on basic experimental research, [10] but it uses principles developed by such research, in particular operant conditioning and classical conditioning.
The most notable schedules of reinforcement studied by Skinner were continuous, interval (fixed or variable), and ratio (fixed or variable). All are methods used in operant conditioning. Continuous reinforcement (CRF): each time a specific action is performed the subject receives a reinforcement. This method is effective when teaching a new ...
A reinforcement schedule may be defined as "any procedure that delivers reinforcement to an organism according to some well-defined rule". [10] The effects of schedules became, in turn, the basic findings from which Skinner developed his account of operant conditioning.
When human participants perform under concurrent schedules of reinforcement, matching has been observed in some experiments, [8] but wide deviations from matching have been found in others. [9] Finally, if nothing else, the matching law is important because it has generated a great deal of research that has widened our understanding of operant ...
The experimental analysis of behavior is a science that studies the behavior of individuals across a variety of species. A key early scientist was B. F. Skinner who discovered operant behavior, reinforcers, secondary reinforcers, contingencies of reinforcement, stimulus control, shaping, intermittent schedules, discrimination, and generalization.