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When UI is used as a measurement unit of a time interval, the resulting measure of such time interval is dimensionless. It expresses the time interval in terms of UI. Very often, but not always, the UI coincides with the bit time, i.e. with the time interval taken to transmit one bit (binary information digit).
Jitter period is the interval between two times of maximum effect (or minimum effect) of a signal characteristic that varies regularly with time. Jitter frequency, the more commonly quoted figure, is its inverse. ITU-T G.810 classifies deviation lower frequencies below 10 Hz as wander and higher frequencies at or above 10 Hz as jitter. [2]
Since most such codes correct only bit-flips, but not bit-insertions or bit-deletions, the Hamming distance metric is the appropriate way to measure the number of bit errors. Many FEC coders also continuously measure the current BER. A more general way of measuring the number of bit errors is the Levenshtein distance.
16 ns (40 bit times) 5 Gigabit Ethernet: 19.2 ns: 8 ns (40 bit times) 10 Gigabit Ethernet: 9.6 ns: 4 ns (40 bit times) 25 Gigabit Ethernet: 3.84 ns: 1.6 ns (40 bit times) 40 Gigabit Ethernet: 2.4 ns: 200 ps (8 bit times) 50 Gigabit Ethernet: 1.92 ns: 160 ps (8 bit times) 100 Gigabit Ethernet: 0.96 ns: 80 ps (8 bit times) 200 Gigabit Ethernet: 0 ...
In contrast to standard Ethernet according to IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet bridging according to IEEE 802.1Q, time is very important in TSN networks.For real-time communication with hard, non-negotiable time boundaries for end-to-end transmission latencies, all devices in this network need to have a common time reference and therefore, need to synchronize their clocks among each other.
Instantaneous packet delay variation is the difference between successive packets—here RFC 3393 does specify the selection criteria—and this is usually what is loosely termed "jitter", although jitter is also sometimes the term used for the variance of the packet delay. As an example, say packets are transmitted every 20 ms.
Interpolators are often used with a stable system clock. The start event is asynchronous, but the stop event is a following clock. [9] [11] For convenience, imagine that the fast ramp rises exactly 1 volt during a 100 ns clock period. Assume the start event occurs at 67.3 ns after a clock pulse; the fast ramp integrator is triggered and starts ...
The bit clock pulses once for each discrete bit of data on the data lines. The bit clock frequency is the product of the sample rate, the number of bits per channel and the number of channels. So, for example, CD Audio with a sample frequency of 44.1 kHz, with 16 bits of precision and two channels (stereo) has a bit clock frequency of: 44.1 kHz ...