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Sleep deprivation, also known as sleep insufficiency [2] or sleeplessness, is the condition of not having adequate duration and/or quality of sleep to support decent alertness, performance, and health. It can be either chronic or acute and may vary widely in severity.
Randy Gardner (born c. 1946) is an American man from San Diego, California, who once held the record for the longest amount of time a human has gone without sleep.In December 1963/January 1964, 17-year-old Gardner stayed awake for 11 days and 24 minutes (264.4 hours), breaking the previous record of 260 hours held by Tom Rounds.
Lack of sleep has a significant impact on cognitive and physical performance, especially in endurance sports. Long-term sleep deprivation was shown to affect neurobehavioral function, including hallucinations and reduced reaction times, in a study of ultramarathon runners.
While sleep quantity is important, good sleep quality is also essential to avoid sleep disorders. [6] The term sleep deprivation can be defined as having a lack of sleep that does not support daytime awareness. [7] In most literature, sleep deprivation is further categorized into either acute sleep deprivation or chronic partial sleep deprivation.
Fatal insomnia is an extremely rare neurodegenerative prion disease that results in trouble sleeping as its hallmark symptom. [2] The majority of cases are familial (fatal familial insomnia [FFI]), stemming from a mutation in the PRNP gene, with the remainder of cases occurring sporadically (sporadic fatal insomnia [sFI]).
Accumulated and continuous short-term sleep deficit has been shown to increase and intensify psychophysiological reactions in humans to emotional stimuli. [5] The amygdala plays a strong functional role in the expression of negative emotions such as fear, and, through its anatomical connections with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), has an important function in the subjective suppression of ...
The response rate to sleep deprivation is generally agreed to be approximately 40-60%. A 2017 meta-analysis of 66 sleep studies with partial or total sleep deprivation in the treatment of depression found that the overall response rate (immediate relief of symptoms) to total sleep deprivation was 50.4% of individuals, and the response rate to partial sleep deprivation was 53.1% [3] In 2009, a ...
Sleep duration measures the length of sleep, whereas sleep quality includes factors such as speed in falling asleep and whether sleep is unbroken. [ 122 ] [ 123 ] Adequate quality sleep is linked with better mood and the abilities to express and quickly process emotion .
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