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Potassium citrate (also known as tripotassium citrate) is a potassium salt of citric acid with the molecular formula K 3 C 6 H 5 O 7. It is a white, hygroscopic crystalline powder. It is odorless with a saline taste. It contains 38.28% potassium by mass. In the monohydrate form, it is highly hygroscopic and deliquescent.
Side effects may include allergic reactions, high blood potassium, hypervolemia, and high blood calcium. [2] It may not be suitable for mixing with certain medications and some recommend against use in the same infusion as a blood transfusion. [4] Ringer's lactate solution has a lower rate of acidosis as compared with normal saline.
Potassium chloride, also known as potassium salt, is used as a medication to treat and prevent low blood potassium. [2] Low blood potassium may occur due to vomiting, diarrhea, or certain medications. [3] The concentrated version should be diluted before use. [2] It is given by slow injection into a vein or by mouth. [4]
Side effects may include vomiting, high blood sodium, or high blood potassium. [1] If vomiting occurs, it is recommended that use be paused for 10 minutes and then gradually restarted. [1] The recommended formulation includes sodium chloride, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, and glucose. [1]
[10] Because these diuretics are weakly natriuretic, they do not cause clinically significant blood pressure changes and thus, are not used as primary therapy for hypertension. [11] They can be used in combination with other anti-hypertensives or drugs that cause hypokalemia to help maintain a normal range for potassium.
Hypokalemia is a low level of potassium (K +) in the blood serum. [1] Mild low potassium does not typically cause symptoms. [3] Symptoms may include feeling tired, leg cramps, weakness, and constipation. [1] Low potassium also increases the risk of an abnormal heart rhythm, which is often too slow and can cause cardiac arrest. [1] [3]