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In materials science, a grain boundary is the interface between two grains, or crystallites, in a polycrystalline material. Grain boundaries are two-dimensional defects in the crystal structure , and tend to decrease the electrical and thermal conductivity of the material.
More rapid diffusion along grain boundaries than along grain interiors; Faster nucleation and growth of precipitates at the grain boundaries; Quench cracking, or crack growth following a quenching process, is another example of intergranular fracture and almost always occurs by intergranular processes. [6]
The fracture behavior of materials can be significantly changed by the use of precipitation-based grain boundary design. For example, Meindlhumer et. al. [9] produced a thin film of AlCrN containing a specific distribution of precipitates within the grain boundaries in precipitation-based grain boundary design. The precipitates acted as a ...
Boundary shape often determines the rate and extent of grain boundary sliding. [4] Grain boundary sliding is a motion to prevent intergranular cracks from forming. Keep in mind that at high temperatures, many processes are underway, and grain boundary sliding is only one of the processes happening.
A grain boundary is a single-phase interface, with crystals on each side of the boundary being identical except in orientation. The term "crystallite boundary" is sometimes, though rarely, used. Grain boundary areas contain those atoms that have been perturbed from their original lattice sites, dislocations , and impurities that have migrated ...
In metallurgy, materials science and structural geology, subgrain rotation recrystallization is recognized as an important mechanism for dynamic recrystallisation.It involves the rotation of initially low-angle sub-grain boundaries until the mismatch between the crystal lattices across the boundary is sufficient for them to be regarded as grain boundaries.
In materials science, segregation is the enrichment of atoms, ions, or molecules at a microscopic region in a materials system. While the terms segregation and adsorption are essentially synonymous, in practice, segregation is often used to describe the partitioning of molecular constituents to defects from solid solutions, [1] whereas adsorption is generally used to describe such partitioning ...
Grain boundary engineering involves manipulating the grain boundary structure and energy to enhance mechanical properties. By controlling the interfacial energy, it is possible to engineer materials with desirable grain boundary characteristics, such as increased interfacial area, higher grain boundary density, or specific grain boundary types ...