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The modern commercial production of potassium carbonate is by reaction of potassium hydroxide with carbon dioxide: [3] 2 KOH + CO 2 → K 2 CO 3 + H 2 O. From the solution crystallizes the sesquihydrate K 2 CO 3 ·1.5H 2 O ("potash hydrate"). Heating this solid above 200 °C (392 °F) gives the anhydrous salt.
It is manufactured by treating an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide with carbon dioxide: [1] K 2 CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O → 2 KHCO 3. Decomposition of the bicarbonate occurs between 100 and 120 °C (212 and 248 °F): 2 KHCO 3 → K 2 CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O. This reaction is employed to prepare high purity potassium carbonate.
Because aggressive bases like KOH damage the cuticle of the hair shaft, potassium hydroxide is used to chemically assist the removal of hair from animal hides. The hides are soaked for several hours in a solution of KOH and water to prepare them for the unhairing stage of the tanning process. This same effect is also used to weaken human hair ...
Enthalpy change of solution in water at 25 °C for some selected compounds [2] Compound ΔH o in kJ/mol; hydrochloric acid: −74.84 ammonium nitrate +25.69 ammonia: −30.50 potassium hydroxide: −57.61 caesium hydroxide: −71.55 sodium chloride +3.87 potassium chlorate +41.38 acetic acid: −1.51 sodium hydroxide: −44.50
2 c 6 h 5 cho + koh → c 6 h 5 ch 2 oh + c 6 h 5 cook The process is a redox reaction involving transfer of a hydride from one substrate molecule to the other: one aldehyde is oxidized to form the acid, the other is reduced to form the alcohol.
It can be prepared by treating a potassium-containing base such as potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate with acetic acid: . CH 3 COOH + KOH → CH 3 COOK + H 2 O. This sort of reaction is known as an acid-base neutralization reaction.
Potassium hypochlorite is produced by the disproportionation reaction of chlorine with a solution of potassium hydroxide: [2] Cl 2 + 2 KOH → KCl + KOCl + H 2 O. This is the traditional method, first used by Claude Louis Berthollet in 1789. [3] Another production method is electrolysis of potassium chloride solution.
The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. [1] [2] In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step.