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The osmol gap is typically calculated with the following formula (all values in mmol/L): = = ([+] + [] + []) In non-SI laboratory units: Calculated osmolality = 2 x [Na mmol/L] + [glucose mg/dL] / 18 + [BUN mg/dL] / 2.8 + [ethanol/3.7] [3] (note: the values 18 and 2.8 convert mg/dL into mmol/L; the molecular weight of ethanol is 46, but empiric data shows that it does not act as an ideal ...
Where HV is the hydroxyl value; V B is the amount (ml) potassium hydroxide solution required for the titration of the blank; V acet is the amount (ml) of potassium hydroxide solution required for the titration of the acetylated sample; W acet is the weight of the sample (in grams) used for acetylation; N is the normality of the titrant; 56.1 is ...
Calculated osmolarity = 2 Na + Glucose + Urea (all in mmol/L) As Na+ is the major extracellular cation, the sum of osmolarity of all other anions can be assumed to be equal to natremia, hence [Na+]x2 ≈ [Na+] + [anions] To calculate plasma osmolality use the following equation (typical in the US): = 2[Na +
Different labs use different formulas and procedures to calculate the anion gap, so the reference range (or "normal" range) from one lab isn't directly interchangeable with the range from another. The reference range provided by the particular lab that performed the testing should always be used to interpret the results. [ 3 ]
The trans-tubular potassium gradient (TTKG) is an index reflecting the conservation of potassium in the cortical collecting ducts (CCD) of the kidneys. It is useful in diagnosing the causes of hyperkalemia or hypokalemia. [1] [2] The TTKG estimates the ratio of potassium in the lumen of the CCD to that in the peritubular capillaries.
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Ringer's lactate solution (RL), also known as sodium lactate solution, Lactated Ringer's (LR), and Hartmann's solution, is a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water. [1] It is used for replacing fluids and electrolytes in those who have low blood volume or low blood pressure. [2]
Making $4,000 a month based on your investments alone is not a small feat. For example, if you have an investment or combination of investments with a 9.5% yield, you would have to invest $500,000 ...