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A block, a contiguous number of bytes, is the minimum unit of storage that is read from and written to a disk by a disk driver.The earliest disk drives had fixed block sizes (e.g. the IBM 350 disk storage unit (of the late 1950s) block size was 100 six-bit characters) but starting with the 1301 [8] IBM marketed subsystems that featured variable block sizes: a particular track could have blocks ...
IBM in its 1983 release of PC DOS version 2.0 was an early if not first use of the term partition to describe dividing a block storage device such as an HDD into physical segments. The term's usage is now ubiquitous. [citation needed] Other terms used include logical disk, [4] minidisk, [5] portions, [6] pseudo-disk, [6] section, [6] slice [7 ...
In 2010, hard-disk manufacturers introduced drives with 4,096‑byte sectors (Advanced Format). [3] For compatibility with legacy hardware and software, those drives include an emulation technology ( 512e ) that presents 512‑byte sectors to the entity accessing the hard drive, despite their underlying 4,096‑byte physical sectors. [ 4 ]
Newer HDDs and SSDs use 4096 byte (4 KiB) sectors, which are known as the Advanced Format (AF). The sector is the minimum storage unit of a hard drive. [2] Most disk partitioning schemes are designed to have files occupy an integral number of sectors regardless of the file's actual size.
The diskpart utility is used for partitioning internal hard drives but can also format removable media such as flash drives. [4] It has long been possible, theoretically, to partition removable drives – such as flash drives or memory cards – from within Windows NT 4.0 / 2000 / XP; e.g., during system installation.
To allow the use of more FAT partitions in a compatible way, a new partition type was introduced in PC DOS 3.2 (1986), the extended partition (EBR), [14] which is a container for an additional partition called logical drive. Since PC DOS 3.3 (April 1987), there is another, optional extended partition containing the next logical drive, and