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The Biot number (Bi) is a dimensionless quantity used in heat transfer calculations, named for the eighteenth-century French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774–1862). The Biot number is the ratio of the thermal resistance for conduction inside a body to the resistance for convection at the surface of the body.
Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.
The condition of low Biot number leads to the so-called lumped capacitance model. In this model, the internal energy (the amount of thermal energy in the body) is calculated by assuming a constant heat capacity. In that case, the internal energy of the body is a linear function of the body's single internal temperature.
In continuum mechanics, the Péclet number (Pe, after Jean Claude Eugène Péclet) is a class of dimensionless numbers relevant in the study of transport phenomena in a continuum. It is defined to be the ratio of the rate of advection of a physical quantity by the flow to the rate of diffusion of the same quantity driven by an appropriate ...
A second parameter, the Biot number arises in nondimensionalization when convective boundary conditions are applied to the heat equation. [2] Together, the Fourier number and the Biot number determine the temperature response of a solid subjected to convective heating or cooling.
Plotted along the horizontal axis is the Fourier number, Fo = αt/L 2. The curves within the graph are a selection of values for the inverse of the Biot number, where Bi = hL/k. k is the thermal conductivity of the material and h is the heat transfer coefficient. [1] [5]
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Jean-Baptiste Biot (/ ˈ b iː oʊ, ˈ b j oʊ /; [2] French:; 21 April 1774 – 3 February 1862) was a French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician who co-discovered the Biot–Savart law of magnetostatics with Félix Savart, established the reality of meteorites, made an early balloon flight, and studied the polarization of light.