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Vitamin B 3, colloquially referred to as niacin, is a vitamin family that includes three forms, or vitamers: nicotinic acid (niacin), nicotinamide (niacinamide), and nicotinamide riboside. [1] [2] All three forms of vitamin B 3 are converted within the body to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).
Nicotinamide (INN, BAN UK [2]) or niacinamide (USAN US) is a form of vitamin B 3 found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication. [3] [4] [5] As a supplement, it is used orally (swallowed by mouth) to prevent and treat pellagra (niacin deficiency). [4]
Nicotinic acid, [a] or niacin, [b] is an organic compound and a vitamer of vitamin B 3, an essential human nutrient. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is produced by plants and animals from the amino acid tryptophan . [ 6 ]
Niacin: Niacin is composed of two structures: nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. There are two co-enzyme forms of niacin: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). Both play an important role in energy transfer reactions in the metabolism of glucose, fat and alcohol. [13]
There are prescription medications like Niaspan and its generic equivalent niacin ER that deliver 500 to 1,000 milligrams of extended-release niacin that are used to treat high blood cholesterol ...
The identification of Nicotinamide riboside (NR) as an NAD precursor in eukaryotes developed out of the study of pellagra. [11] Pellagra was the first disease to be associated with NAD+ deficiency. [12] It was linked to nutritional deficiency by Joseph Goldberger in 1914, and to deficiency of niacin (vitamin B 3) by Conrad Elvehjem in 1937 ...
The redox reactions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The compound accepts or donates the equivalent of H −. [6] Such reactions (summarized in formula below) involve the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the reactant (R), in the form of a hydride ion (H −), and a proton (H +).
The SSA explained that at least 40 credits (equivalent to 10 years of work) are needed for anyone born in 1929 or later to qualify for retirement benefits.