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Interleukin 10 (IL-10), also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF), is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. In humans, interleukin 10 is encoded by the IL10 gene. [ 5 ] IL-10 signals through a receptor complex consisting of two IL-10 receptor-1 and two IL-10 receptor-2 proteins. [ 6 ]
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a protein that inhibits the synthesis of a number of cytokines, including IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-3, TNF, and GM-CSF produced by activated macrophages and by helper T cells. In structure, IL-10 is a protein of about 160 amino acids that contains four conserved cysteines involved in disulphide bonds. [ 33 ]
The IL-10 family is a family of interleukins. In addition to IL-10, it includes IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. [1] Some sources also include the interferons IL-28 and IL-29. [2] The IL-10 family are helical cytokines categorized based on their specific similarities and can be classified as class 2 cytokines. [3]
A 2024 study found a positive correlation between plasma interleukin IL-2 and fatigue in patients with type 1 narcolepsy. [33] Autoantibodies against cytokines also plays a role in health and disease. In 2020 neutralizing autoantibodies against type I interferons were reported in 10.2% of patients with life-threatening COVID-19. [34]
Homodimeric alpha chains (IL2RA) result in low-affinity receptor (Kd ~10−8M) with no signalling ability, while dimeric beta and gamma chains produce a medium-affinity receptor (Kd ~10−9M). Moreover, CD25 is an exclusive subunit that entirely binds IL-2, while CD132 binds the shared γc family cytokines ( IL-4 , IL-7 , IL-9 , IL-15 and IL-21 ...
Interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) is a type II cytokine receptor.The receptor is tetrameric, composed of 2α [1] and 2β [2] subunits. The α subunit (encoded in the Il10ra gene) is expressed on haematopoietic cells (such as T, B, NK, mast, and dendritic cells) whilst the β subunit (encoded in the Il10rb gene) is expressed ubiquitously.
B10 cells are presumed to originate from B10 progenitor (B10pro) cells, which can mature into B10eff cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation or CD40 litigation. [1] [8] In mice, B10eff cells (derived from B10 cells) actively secrete IL-10, whereas competency for IL-10 expression in B10pro cells must be induced by ex vivo stimulation. [1]
Interleukin 10 receptor, beta subunit is a subunit for the interleukin-10 receptor. IL10RB is its human gene. [5] IL10RB has also been designated CDw210b (cluster of differentiation w210b). The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cytokine receptor family. It is an accessory chain essential for the active interleukin 10 receptor complex.
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