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The offense–defense theory of Robert Jervis helps decide the intensity of the security dilemma. Jervis uses four scenarios to describe the intensity of the security dilemma: [1] When offensive and defensive behaviour are not distinguishable but offense has an advantage, the security dilemma is "very intense" and environment is "doubly dangerous".
Coined by John H. Herz in his 1951 work Political Realism and Political Idealism, defensive neorealists believe the security dilemma, as expanded by Robert Jervis in "Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma" in 1978, is defined by the assumption that the offense-defense balance tends to favour defensive capability over offensive capability. [12]
Robert Jervis (April 30, 1940 – December 9, 2021) was an American political scientist who was the Adlai E. Stevenson Professor of International Politics in the Department of Political Science at Columbia University. Jervis was co-editor of the Cornell Studies in Security Affairs, a series published by Cornell University Press.
A foundational study in the area of defensive realism is Robert Jervis' classic 1978 article on the "security dilemma." It examines how uncertainty and the offense-defense balance may heighten or soften the security dilemma. [21] Building on Jervis, Stephen Van Evera explores the causes of war from a defensive realist perspective. [22]
Yet, by deleting the intro paragraph from February 2011 (see note above), we are losing an important insight by Jervis into the essence of the dilemma. While the security dilemma may be used today to discuss miscommunications, a dilemma by definition is “a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives ...
Dr. Anthony Fauci had his taxpayer-funded security detail pulled, President Trump confirmed during a press conference Friday. “I think when you work for government, at some point your security ...
In less than three weeks, President Donald Trump and Elon Musk have upended the federal workforce, firing top officials, grinding billion-dollar agencies to a halt and convincing tens of thousands ...
In a 1950 article, Herz coined the concept of the security dilemma. [1] While at Harvard, Herz wrote Political Realism and Political Idealism, a book which the American Political Science Association awarded the Woodrow Wilson Prize in 1951. [3] In the book, Herz criticizes "political idealism" for failing to grapple with the security dilemma. [5]