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The security dilemma is the core assumption of defensive realism. According to Kenneth Waltz, because the world does not have a common government and is "anarchic", survival is the main motivation of states.
Defensive neorealism is a structural theory in international relations that is derived from the school of neorealism.The theory finds its foundation in the political scientist Kenneth Waltz's Theory of International Politics in which Waltz argues that the anarchical structure of the international system encourages states to maintain moderate and reserved policies to attain national security. [1]
A foundational study in the area of defensive realism is Robert Jervis' classic 1978 article on the "security dilemma." It examines how uncertainty and the offense-defense balance may heighten or soften the security dilemma. [21] Building on Jervis, Stephen Van Evera explores the causes of war from a defensive realist perspective. [22]
Kenneth Neal Waltz (/ w ɔː l t s /; June 8, 1924 – May 12, 2013 [1]) was an American political scientist who was a member of the faculty at both the University of California, Berkeley and Columbia University and one of the most prominent scholars in the field of international relations. [2] He was a veteran of both World War II and the ...
Kenneth Waltz proposed that unipolarity is the most unstable and the "least durable of all international configurations", [42] since even if the dominant power acts benevolently, secondary powers will need to remain cautious about its future intentions and actions in the absence of checks and balances and an equal power to balance and restrain ...
Offensive realism is a prominent and important theory of international relations belonging to the realist school of thought, which includes various sub-trends characterised by the different perspectives of representative scholars such as Robert Gilpin, Eric J. Labs, Dylan Motin, Sebastian Rosato, Randall Schweller and Fareed Zakaria.
Waltz, a Republican congressman tapped by Trump to serve as his national security adviser after taking office Jan. 20, said he is in discussions with his Biden administration counterpart, Jake ...
The capitalist theory contends that as economies become stronger, prosperous capitalist states no longer need to threaten one another over access to inputs to production. Consequently, the security dilemma loses its relevance. Scholars like Michael Mousseau argue that democracies are only peaceful in pairs. Other research has demonstrated that ...