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dram now meant only avoirdupois drams, which were 1 ⁄ 16 of an avoirdupois ounce. An ounce consisted of 437.5 grains, thus making the dram exactly 27.34375 grains. drachm now meant only apothecaries' drachms, which were 1 ⁄ 8 of an apothecaries' ounce of 480 grains, or equal to 60 grains.
English-speaking countries also used a system of units of fluid measure, or in modern terminology volume units, based on the apothecaries' system. Originally, the terms and symbols used to describe the volume measurements of liquids were the same as or similar to those used to describe weight measurements of solids [33] (for example, the pound by weight and the fluid pint were both referred to ...
[14] [15] Otherwise, water hardness is measured in the dimensionless unit of parts per million (ppm), numerically equivalent to concentration measured in milligrams per litre. [14] [15] One grain per U.S. gallon is approximately 17.1 ppm. [14] [note 1] Soft water contains 1–4 gpg of calcium carbonate equivalents, while hard water contains 11 ...
dram now meant only avoirdupois drams, which were 1 ⁄ 16 of an avoirdupois ounce. An ounce consisted of 437.5 grains, thus making the dram approximately 27.34 grains. drachm now meant only apothecaries' drachms, which were 1 ⁄ 8 of an apothecaries' ounce of 480 grains, thus equal to 60 grains.
0.1 × ( 12 ÷ 8 ) = 0.15 grain per dscf when corrected to a gas having a specified reference CO 2 content of 12 volume %. Notes: Although ppmv and grains per dscf have been used in the above examples, concentrations such as ppbv (i.e., parts per billion by volume), volume percent, grams per dscm and many others may also be used.
In 1588 Queen Elizabeth increased the weight of the avoirdupois pound to 7000 grains and added the troy grain to the avoirdupois weight system. Prior to 1588, the "part" (1 ⁄ 16 ounce) was the smallest unit in the avoirdupois weight system. In the 18th century, the "part" was renamed "drachm".
dram refers to the unit of 1/16 oz avoirdepois 27.34375 grains troy, drachm refers to the unit of 1/8 oz apothecaries (60 grains troy). The use of grains troy is that the grain was a regular division of the ounce (1/480 in the germanic countries, 1/576 in latin countries), and varied as the ounce does.
The minim (abbreviated min, ♏︎ or ♍︎) is a unit of volume in both the imperial and U.S. customary systems of measurement. Specifically, in the imperial system, it is 1 ⁄ 60 of an imperial fluid drachm [1] [2] or 1 ⁄ 480 of an imperial fluid ounce; in the U.S. customary system, it is 1 ⁄ 60 of a US customary fluid dram or 1 ⁄ 480 of a US customary fluid ounce.