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Stochastic optimization (SO) are optimization methods that generate and use random variables. For stochastic optimization problems, the objective functions or constraints are random. Stochastic optimization also include methods with random iterates .
In strategic planning and strategic management, SWOT analysis (also known as the SWOT matrix, TOWS, WOTS, WOTS-UP, and situational analysis) [1] is a decision-making technique that identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of an organization or project.
In the field of mathematical optimization, stochastic programming is a framework for modeling optimization problems that involve uncertainty. A stochastic program is an optimization problem in which some or all problem parameters are uncertain, but follow known probability distributions .
where y is an n × 1 vector of observable state variables, u is a k × 1 vector of control variables, A t is the time t realization of the stochastic n × n state transition matrix, B t is the time t realization of the stochastic n × k matrix of control multipliers, and Q (n × n) and R (k × k) are known symmetric positive definite cost matrices.
In finance, the Heston model, named after Steven L. Heston, is a mathematical model that describes the evolution of the volatility of an underlying asset. [1] It is a stochastic volatility model: such a model assumes that the volatility of the asset is not constant, nor even deterministic, but follows a random process.
A stochastic simulation is a simulation of a system that has variables that can change stochastically (randomly) with individual probabilities. [ 1 ] Realizations of these random variables are generated and inserted into a model of the system.
Markov decision process (MDP), also called a stochastic dynamic program or stochastic control problem, is a model for sequential decision making when outcomes are uncertain. [ 1 ] Originating from operations research in the 1950s, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] MDPs have since gained recognition in a variety of fields, including ecology , economics , healthcare ...
Originally introduced by Richard E. Bellman in (Bellman 1957), stochastic dynamic programming is a technique for modelling and solving problems of decision making under uncertainty. Closely related to stochastic programming and dynamic programming , stochastic dynamic programming represents the problem under scrutiny in the form of a Bellman ...