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The greenhouse effect on Earth is defined as: "The infrared radiative effect of all infrared absorbing constituents in the ... How CO 2 causes the greenhouse effect.
The warming from the greenhouse effect has a logarithmic relationship with the concentration of greenhouse gases. This means that every additional fraction of CO 2 and the other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has a slightly smaller warming effect than the fractions before it as the total concentration increases.
The contribution of each gas to the enhanced greenhouse effect is determined by the characteristics of that gas, its abundance, and any indirect effects it may cause. For example, the direct radiative effect of a mass of methane is about 84 times stronger than the same mass of carbon dioxide over a 20-year time frame. [43]
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities intensify the greenhouse effect. This contributes to climate change. Carbon dioxide (CO 2), from burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, is the main cause of climate change. The largest annual emissions are from China followed by the United States.
This 1912 article succinctly describes the greenhouse effect, how burning coal creates carbon dioxide to cause global warming and climate change. [ 422 ] Scientists in the 19th century such as Alexander von Humboldt began to foresee the effects of climate change.
The main cause of these changes are the emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities, mainly burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. Carbon dioxide and methane are examples of greenhouse gases. The additional greenhouse effect leads to ocean warming because the ocean takes up most of the additional heat in the climate system. [86]
[4]: 95–96 Net feedbacks will stay negative largely because of increased thermal radiation as the planet warms, which is an effect that is several times larger than any other singular feedback. [4]: 96 Accordingly, anthropogenic climate change alone cannot cause a runaway greenhouse effect. [5] [6]
A 2019 review of scientific papers found the consensus on the cause of climate change to be at 100%, [6] and a 2021 study concluded that over 99% of scientific papers agree on the human cause of climate change. [7] The small percentage of papers that disagreed with the consensus often contained errors or could not be replicated. [8]