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But if the paper of the volume is too fragile, or the book block is too thick, the spine is left flat. The book block is placed in a sturdy cover or case, with special paper covering the inside covers. [1] The most common cloth used by library binders to cover the boards of the book is buckram coated with acrylic. Acrylic coatings are generally ...
A text block is a collection of sections or leaves bound together, which can be attached to a case (book cover) to form a book. [43] A codex is a series of quires sewn and bound through the folds. [citation needed] Folio and quarto refer to the size of the finished book, based on the sheet size that a paper maker could produce with a manual ...
To bind a document, the user first punches holes in the paper with a specialized hole punch. Pages must be punched a few at a time with most of these machines. If hard covers are desired, they must be punched as well. In bulk applications, a paper drilling machine may be used. Then the user chooses a spine size that will match the document.
Front cover of the St Cuthbert Gospel, c. 700; the original tooled red goatskin binding is the earliest surviving Western binding.. A book cover is any protective covering used to bind together the pages of a book.
Media, or mediums, are the core types of material (or related other tools) used by an artist, composer, designer, etc. to create a work of art. [1] For example, a visual artist may broadly use the media of painting or sculpting, which themselves have more specific media within them, such as watercolor paints or marble.
A fore-edge painting is a scene painted on the edges of book pages. There are two basic forms, including paintings on fanned edges and closed edges. [1] For the first type, the book's leaves must be fanned, exposing the pages' edges for the picture to become visible. For the second, closed type, the image is visible only while the book is closed.
Solvents dilute the binder, thus diluting the binding strength of the paint. Washes can be brittle and fragile paint films because of this. However, when gum arabic watercolor washes are applied to a highly absorbent surface, such as paper, the effects are long lasting. The wash technique can be achieved by doing the following:
A typical hardcover book (1899), showing the wear signs of a cloth. A hardcover, hard cover, or hardback (also known as hardbound, and sometimes as casebound [1]) book is one bound with rigid protective covers (typically of binder's board or heavy paperboard covered with buckram or other cloth, heavy paper, or occasionally leather). [1]